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System Protectors

Emerson Climate Technologies

Refrigerant Water Concentration (ppm)

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0100 200 300 400500 60

Total Acid Number

HFC Refrigerants and POE Lubricants

The use of HFC refrigerants and Polyolester (POE)

lubricants for air-conditioning and refrigeration has

generated new system chemistry related problems. New

and redesigned system protectors have been developed

to counter these problems and provide a long, reliable

life for the operating refrigeration system.

Moisture is the major problem causing contaminate

for HFC/POE oil systems just as it was for CFC and

HCFC systems using Mineral oil. Many HFCs can hold

much more water than their CFC counterparts but the oil

differences are much worse than those of the refriger-

ant. POE oil can hold as much as 10 times more water

than Mineral oils. Evacuation alone has proved ineffec-

tive at removing this moisture so a lter drier is required

to perform this function.

Water poses a new problem for POE oils above and

beyond those experienced with Mineral oil. POE oil will

react with water to form organic acids at normal operat-

ing conditions in refrigerating and air-conditioning sys-

tems. This reaction starts at water levels as low as 75

ppm. These acids attack system components including

motor insulation and metallic parts, reducing system life.

To combat the detrimental effects of water in HFC

and POE oil systems it is imperative to hold moisture

levels as low as possible. Water level must be main-

tained less than 50 ppm in the refrigerant and the same

for the oil.

Figure 2

Acid Generation in a 1.5 Ton POE Oil Containing System

Another aspect of POE oil is the ability to keep more

solid particles in suspension than Mineral oil. This is

important in retrotted systems where pockets of solid

contamination are now ushed from low ow areas and

need to be removed before moving parts in the system

are damaged. The lter drier for POE oils needs to have

higher solid particle holding capacity with little impact to

refrigerant ow capacity or pressure drop.

The lter drier should also have improved contami-

nate removal efciency as well to ensure that all par-

ticles are captured the rst time they enter the lter drier.

The ability to remove smaller particles is also advanta-

geous. The Emerson EK series lter driers provide a

unique combination of these characteristics to provide

outstanding ltration as shown in Figure 4.

100

125

75 100 125

HMI

Typical

Sightglass

R-134a Refrigerant Temperature

Moisture Level (ppm)

Figure 3

Dry Indication Water Level

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Water Conten

(ppm)

Mineral

Oil

POE Oil R-12 R-134a R-22 R-502R-404A R-410A

1 2 ... 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ... 71 72

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